Machiavelli vs Islamic political thought :: essays research papers

Machiavelli vs Islamic Political ThoughtNiccolo Machiavelli was a political realist. He thought in that location were certain skills and characteristics needed to become a political ruler. In his work, The Prince, Machiavelli gives advice on how to be a successful prince, or ruler. Successful is partly based on how powerful a ruler was during his lifetime (reign), but largely based on how much the prince affected the lives, through laws or societal norms, of future generations. Machiavelli was chiefly interested in attaining and keeping political power. He believed mess were inherently selfish and would, by nature, not respect the law or work for the gross good, without civic virtues. The only way to control these human urges was to instill national pride and mutual respect for all citizens of a state. The difference in Machiavellian thought, up to this period in history, from other philosophers was he believed political authority was no longer justified by religious or spiritua l doctrines. Although Machiavelli believed this to be true, he still knew it was important for citizens to maintain a commitment for the common good, through national pride and respect. Another aspect of differing thought up to this point in time was Machiavelli knew promoting civic virtue in citizens needed to be coupled with the pursuit of individual liberty.Machiavelli, in his writings, talks about several various regulates of government. Specifically, monarchies, aristocracies, and democracies. He was able to pick apart monarchies, establishing the difference between new and old monarchies. The new monarchies are the hard ones to maintain, because people are not suggestible to change, in fact they almost revolt against it, unless the new ruler can make good on his word and keep his promises. Machiavellis preferred form of government was the republic. A republic is a mixing of the three governments aforementioned. Having the government made up of the nobles, the elite, and the commoners establishes a set of checks and balances against one another. No one, particular grouping will be able to take control of the state again. And in fact, the people (citizens) tend to have more leverage than any other faction. Machiavelli knew people were mainly concerned about their property and well being of their family. He also knew the governments job was to protect both, in addition to portion the people prosper and follow their hearts, if you will. Machiavelli believed only certain people could become rulers, because it took a special sort of person.

The Power of Ping-Pong Balls :: essays research papers

The Power of Ping-Pong BallsBeing assigned an I-Search paper, I was to acquire a question that was appealing to me, and that I did. It all started after purposeless searches via the internet and some procrastination, to which I found myself to be in front of the television. While I knew I should be looking for a suitable question, I still sat there watching on. I happened to be flipping through the channels when a commercial for the Mythbusters brought about the question if one can arise a sunken vessel with ping-pong balls, to which I thought, Why would anyone want to use ping-pong balls to raise a- hey, that could be my question It was so hilariously lumpish that it caught my attention, so I apply it.I started my search by contacting my grandfather, John Walker, whom has been a boating enthusiast for his entire life. I asked him if he thought it was assertable to raise a boat with ping-pong balls, to which he replied, Why in the world would you want to use ping-pong balls? He went on to tell me that he had perceive a myth saying that a man raised his unfortunate ship using ping-pong balls, made from a factory he worked at. He also told me that to do so, one would have to use a ton of ping-pong balls and that all of the openings would have to be sealed to prevent any balls from escaping. It seemed possible, moreover I still didnt have a definitive answer to my question, so I kept on.After my not-so-definitive interview with my grandfather I used msn.com to search the internet for anything related to the question I had chosen. Doing so lead me to a site which told of a Danish engineer, Karl Kroyer, that had tried to patent such and bringing close together but was denied by the German Patent Office because of an American comic strip which described his idea of using ping-pong balls to raise a ship. This authentically didnt answer my question but it did give an idea to where the myth came from. So I went to aj.com where I found a site for The Internation al stiffen Institute in Denmark, where it told of Karl Kroyer but not what the first site I visited told of. The site for I.S.I. says that Karl Kroyer was enlisted to raise a two-thousand gross-ton freighter of the Persian Gulf floor and he decided to use a method described in a Donald Duck comic strip.

The Tragedy of Macbeth :: Classics, Shakespeare

Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare initially described the main character, Macbeth, as an honorable, brave, loyal hero. He was a Scottish General and thane of Glamis. Macbeth fought for his acres and supported the king. Macbeth was looked up to and admired for being so courageous and brave. He understood the difference between right and wrong. Macbeth was a man who seemed to have everything, including a loving wife So what happened to this great man? How did he change from a hero to a villain in a very pitiful time? Macbeth had a very bad character flaw. He was a powerful man, but he was not virtuous thus, he allowed many external influences to invade his thoughts and he acted on them He was immoral. The first outside influence that allowed Macbeth to begin showing his true colors was the three witches. The witches addressed Macbeth as Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and female monarch of Scotland (1.3.49-51). Initially Macbeth is stunned by the way they address ed him and he had many questions. He was confused and, yet a bit excited. His best friend, Banquo, was with him and both of them began request questions. Banquo was told that he would father a line of kings (1.3.68). While Macbeth and Banquo were still talking with the witches and asking them questions, they disappeared. Two of the kings men arrived and told Macbeth that King Duncan had sent them to convey him for defending the country and that King Duncan wanted to see Macbeth to give him good news. They told Macbeth that King Duncan told them to call him thane of Cawdor (1.3.107). When the witches first prediction came true, Macbeth began to think that he might croak King of Scotland. In doing so, he immediately began to think about murdering King Duncan (1.3.135-141). This is the first sign of the evil that lies within MacbethMacbeth sent a letter to skirt Macbeth to tell her of the witches predictions and how the first prediction came true. While reading the letter, Lady Macbeth, thinking about her husbands nature as she knew it for many years, felt that he had ambition but that he did not have a mean streak that would allow him to kill King Duncan (1.5.15-19).

My Reading History :: essays research papers

If one were to look at my varied saying habits, they would be struck by the diversity and over all unusualness of my sagacitys library. I hardly remember the plot of the first book I read, entirely it was called Lonesome Dove. It wasnt the actual first book I read, yet I dont really count the McGregor Readers from kindergarten. I read it in first grade because of my Grandmothers fascination in the T.V. mini-series that was playing during the time. I wanted to be able to talk to her about it so I went to the public library that weekend and picked up a copy. Well, I actually didnt pick it up, it was too heavy. It took me over two and a half months to read, but with the help of a dictionary and my grandma, I finally read it from cover to cover. I cant really say that I understood it, because I dont recall what it was about. But I do remember that it was quite an ordeal. Since then I micturate read many books. I enjoy fiction the best, especially those that are based on society, bu t have a small twist that leads to an interesting story. Some of the stories that I remember best from that early time in my life are Tales from roadside Elementary School, Hatchet, The Godfather, and The Giver. I think that Hatchet, by Gary Paulsen, is the only book that Ive read more than once. I liked the situation that Brian was put into, lost in the wilderness, with nothing more to fend for himself with than his mind and a trusty hatchet. The adversity he faces and his undying drive are what fascinated me most. Since that time my reading habits have grown into a different style. I have usually only read what was assigned to me during the school year because that was all I had time to do, but I have always strived to put forth extra effort. For example last year for English 3 AP we had to read an excerpt from Benjamin Franklins Autobiography. Although that we only had to read a small bit, I checked the entire book from the college library and read it all. Although the way that F ranklin rambled on and on about his Franklin deviser was somewhat boring, the way he describe his life was pure poetry.

Billiards :: essays research papers

Billiards     The history of billiards begins in the fourteenth century. The plot of ground wasinvented in Europe, but there was a conflict as to what country. The Frenchbelieved that the English invented the patch, but at the uniform time, the Englishthought the French did. In the pole, a French billiards specialist foundevidence that the game originated in France about the fourteenth century. Theword "billiard" is derived from two French words, "billiart" and "bille". Thesetwo words mean "stick" and "ball". Put them together, and you get stick-ball orpool as its called these days. At first the game was played outside, butduring the winter it got too cold so the game was moved inside onto whacking tables.After a couple of years, green cloth was installed on the bed of the table tomake an illusion of the grass outside. The sticks apply at the time were large,and men used slightlycurved sticks while the women used str aight, narrow ones.The sticks werent used as they are today to hit the ball but rather to push theballs around the table, kindred to the game of shuffle board. As the game gotmore popular, as it is today, the sticks got narrower and easier to use(Billiards, http).     A few games today are similar to billiards, such as shuffleboard, andthe same equipment - stick and balls. One of the most important tools toplaying any game of this type is the table. In the fourteenth century, thelength of the tables was much longer than today becuase they were used insteadof playing outside. Today the sized of the tables varies all over the worl.The dimensions range anywhere from nine by four and a half feet to ten by fivefeet (Billiards, Colliers).     Another tool used to play the game is the cue stick. The cue srickweighs in a range of twelve to twenty-two ounces, and the straighter the cue,the bump. At the end of the cue is a leather tip, which is used t o hit theball with great accuracy. If the stick were to hit the ball with the leathertip applesauceed, then a better shot would be made rather than one without thechalked end. As most people now know, the chalk is used to give a better shot.The chalk is a blue color and comes in a little square inch type cube.     Another item needed to play a game of billiards is the balls, fifteenobject balls and one cue ball. The cue ball is the only ball that is to be hit

Functions of Management Essay example -- essays research papers

Functions of Management PaperI work for Dell ready reckoner company and planning is extremely important. Since computer industry is changing so much and we are a global company it is truly important to do the research and have a plan set in place to insure the profitability ad demand for our products. We do have many partnerships with former(a) companies so it is imperative that have contracts in place in tell to deliver best and newest technology as it is approved by FCC and released to the market. Organizing is another very important part of our companys successful exertion. On average Dell sells 250,000 a day so precise organizing is what makes it possible for all operation to be smooth and customers to be happy. We do have a great executive and management team in place to make sure that everything is advantageously organized.Dell understands managing as leading that is why it is so great to work for them. I am taught by managers to lead my team because it as a more than p roductive way of managing then just set goals and expect that they will be r apieceed. In our company everyone tries to lead by example and help each other to achieve company goals.At Dell we have a great control model. The issues are addressed right away so if you are not reaching your goals and appropriate action is taken. Usually it is coaching, finding the reasons for underperforming. If that does not help more strict corrective actions are taken including termination. In order for company to be successful it has to h...

Functions of Management Essay example -- essays research papers

Functions of Management PaperI work for Dell computer company and provision is extremely important. Since computer industry is changing so much and we are a global company it is very important to do the research and score a plan set in place to insure the profitability ad demand for our products. We do have many lay outnerships with other companies so it is shrill that have contracts in place in order to deliver best and newest technology as it is approved by FCC and released to the market. Organizing is another very important part of our companys successful operation. On average Dell sells 250,000 a day so precise organizing is what makes it possible for all operation to be peaceful and customers to be happy. We do have a great executive and management team in place to make sure that everything is well organized.Dell understands managing as leading that is why it is so great to work for them. I am taught by managers to lead my team because it as a more productive direction of managing then just set goals and expect that they will be reached. In our company everyone tries to lead by example and help each other to gain company goals.At Dell we have a great control model. The issues are addressed right away so if you are not reaching your goals and appropriate action is taken. Usually it is coaching, finding the reasons for underperforming. If that does not help more strict corrective actions are taken including termination. In order for company to be successful it has to h...

Death of a Salesman & Brother Dear Comparison Essay

Throughout the constant travel of life you are often low pressure. There is pressure to satisfy, pressure you lay on yourself and the pressure that other people put on you. Throughout the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and the short story associate Dear by Bernice Friesen, the characters find themselves facing these pressures on a daily basis. Both plotlines show how people can experience these pressures, for completely different reasons, during several(a) times in their life. In Death of a Salesman, Biff, a son of the main character, Willy, is struggling with the pressure to impress his father and satisfy him.Willy is continuously sound off about Biff, saying he is a bum and is not good. One day Biff decides he is termination to try to go into business, just identical his father, hoping to make Willy happy. He speaks to his mother about this, Its just-you see, Mom, I dont fit in business. Not that I wont try. Ill try, and Ill make good (Miller 60). Biff knows th at he will not be successful in the business world and that it is not for him, but he is going to try it anyways just so his pappa will be proud of him.The pressure to satisfy his father is so big that Biff is spontaneous to do something he does not want to do just to make him happy. Similarly, in Brother Dear Greg is also under the pressure to satisfy his father. Greg wants to be a member of Green Peace, plant trees, and save the planet, while his father expects him to go to University, wish well his older brother, and make something of himself. His younger sister Sharlene explains, Hes in pre-law at university, but his marks are crap.I think he went into law just because Dennis did and Dad hasnt stopped sheering (Friesen 3). Just like Biff, Greg is doing something he is uninterested in just to make his Dad happy and proud. Schneider 2 Coming to the end of Death of a Salesman, Biff finally, after all of the hurt and stress, puts some pressure on himself to confront his father. I stole myself out of every good job since high school And whose fault is that? And I never got anywhere because you blew me so full of hot air I could never stand taking orders from anybodyThats whose fault it is (Miller 131) wholly of Biffs pressure makes him blow and tell his father the truth about why he has never been successful. Gregs father in Brother Dear is constantly putting pressure on Greg to do good in school and make something of himself. However Greg does not want to do what his Dad wants, but what he wants. Eventually, after years of pressure, Greg applies pressure onto himself to tell his father his real plans. He tells his Dad how he got a job planting trees for the summer, so he no longer has to pay his rent anymore.When his father questions how he will make enough money for rent and tuition Greg responds saying, Im not going back to school (Friesen 4). Just like Biff, Greg makes himself confess and tell his father the truth about his life. Throughout Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman has a huge summate of pressure on him from his family and those around him. He has pressure from his wife to trace money to pay bills, pressure from his sons to get himself together and pressure from hid friends to do better. All of this pressure makes Willy act crazy.One day, while he was asking a friend for a loan he states, Funny yknow? later all the highways, and the trains, and the appointments, and the years, you end up worth more dead than alive (Miller 98). Willy is implying the he in under so much pressure, he often wishes he were dead so he could be relieved. Schneider 3 In Brother Dear, Sharlene, Gregs younger sister, is also feeling the pressure in her family to get an education and be something. Like Greg, she has dreams of her own. next years grade twelve, then its escape to the University of AlbertaLike Dad wants.I have dreams of foot race off to Europe for a couple of years, being a nanny and learning a language or twoIll tell Dad Ill do t he university thing when I get back. Hell probably explode anyways (Friesen 2). Sharlene is torn between following her dreams or doing as Daddy wants. Overall, end-to-end life you often have pressure put on you. The characters in both Death of a Salesman and Brother Dear are all under the pressure to satisfy, the pressure of themselves and the pressure of others. Whether the pressure be to get a job, go to school or be something, they all experience pressures throughout their journey of life.

Apple Company swot analysis Essay

This is an analysis of the apple Company which is one of the leading Phone companies in the world. This analysis looks into the fortissimo, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats of the company. The major strength of apple Company is its creative and high ranking leaders who facilitate quality leadership and creativity in the apple Company. The products of Apple argon of high quality and unique compargond to rival products from Microsoft or Google this enhances customer loyalty.Apple has an opportunity of entering new grocerys such as TV, which impart still arrange as good as the existing products because Apple consumers may purchase an additional product from the company as a issue of the company loyally. However, the companys major weakness is the pricing effect it has on the market. Consumers perceive the apple products to be expensive even when the price is actually similar to that offered by other companies. The main threat of Apple is the upcoming android system fro m Google which has managed to tap into the youth market which apple had dominated long-lived and the closed system of offering their system. Strength of Apple CompanyIt may be believed that it is the individuals who determine the strength of a company and not he products that are produced by the company. One may think that the demise of Steve Jobs may make Apple weak this is not the case as Apple still has got its strength rooted in the uniqueness of the products they produce. With a leader such as Tim Cook, who is ranked among the top among the CEOs in the USA, with a staff approval of 98%. match to CNN Money, (2012) the inventory of Apple Inc has been drastically cut to days with channel supplies that are ultra sufficient and leads the fair wage movement in Asia- China.India Times, (2012) reports that not yet Tim is the creative personnel in apple Inc, thither is still Johnny Ive who steers creativity behind apple INC. This is the major strength which Apple has thatposes a pr ivate-enterprise(a) hand ahead of their rivals. The products ecosystem is strength of Apple Company. Apple icloud, OS and iOS make up an evolution of apples product ecosystem. According to Thomas (2010) each(prenominal) new product is enhanced by the ecosystem making the ownership of the products of the company to be worth more than the total sum of their parts. The system goes past the net income thought which makes it evolutionary.It is a unique system in that it is closed, maintains a breed of its own including the software and hardware applications. This has enabled the company to have total control everyplace the users experience hence they have been able to maximize profits as a government issue of elimination of third party costs. The system offers its users an environment which is throw in the towel from viruses, it would be therefore said that the products of apple are the major competitive tool against their rivals. According to David (2011) with each considered as a bench mark product, iPad, iPod, iPhone, iTunes store are among the best selling Apple products in the market of their category.Diversity is greatly enhanced in Apple Company due to the depth of their assets which includes their liquidity position, their mailed stores and professional and consumer applications which are leading.WeaknessesThe main weakness of Apple Inc is their ideology the internet has been made a powerful tool by the systems that are extend which is the most used tool by Microsoft and Google. According to Colby (2011) this has created a specialized competing strategy in open products. If an individual is not already been attached to the Apple products, they can easily find what hey are looking for by any other brand. Another weakness of Apple Company is the pricing of their products. Consumers have a perception that Apple products are high priced even though some products may have moderate pricing.Electronics consumers do not have prior companionship in the com parisons made concerning Apple products value and the value of a poorly made product brand from another company which would be cheap. OpportunitiesThere are high chances that the creative minds in Apple Company may penetrate the TV market with a brand name of iPanel. According to Johnson (2011) there is the customary kept secret which would be made public to anticipateproduct offering. As a result of the announcement the TV market has undergone major innovations in order to stay ahead of the anticipated Apple TV launch. Market analysts predict that even though the new TV may not perform really high as the iPad and iPhone, the buyers of the two may as well pick the Apple TV along with their iPad and iPhone purchases.Another major opportunity which Apple has is that the already existing products of Apple such as iPod create a gateway for purchase of other Apple products. With every single new product, there is an expansion in the ecosystem of products and as a result a new created ga teway increases the consumer choice of using another Apple product. ThreatsEven though there is a major Apple lead in consumer computing products, there are tensions amidst Google and Apple Inc. the balance between open systems and Apples closed product would easily shift back to Google. This is so as there was a time when Google controlled almost all the PC product market back in the late 90s. Such a threat could be expected from the way open OS functions just very well. Windows 8 by Microsoft was highly anticipated and used by consumers and Google would easily advance its android operating system to support the desk top.Android is the greatest competitor of Apples product ecosystem since android has tapped the market of the youth a market that has been dominated by Apple for more than fifteen years. Another threat would be a form of virus which would harm the Apples computing products from a perspective of public relations. In conclusion, Apple Company competes in the battle of i deologies. The contention is essentially between apple and other companies such as Google and Microsoft. However, apple has managed to be ahead of other companies in the consumer computing product market.The competition between Apple and other companies is quite sensitive because a mistake in the strategies of Apple would imply huge losses as the other companies are liable(predicate) to top the market. The apple company has a management that is scientifically controlled to enable it maintain the lead with highest profit margin. Apple continues to grow as a result of the quality leadership which facilitates the purchase of new apple products by the consumers.ReferencesCNN Money, (2012). The analysis Weight In. retrieved, October 15, 2013, from http//tech.fortune.cnn.com/2012/11/14/apple-shares-fallen-wall-street-analysts/ Booker, L. (2012). A little less Sam birdcall in Apple Sourcing, Journal OF Strategic Management, 12, 34-37 Colby, N. (2011). Strategic Management Review- Apple I nc, Business Analysis, 4, 26-28 David, R. (2011). Strategic management concepts and cases. Upper Saddle River Pearson Prentice-Hall. India Times (2012). Apple at once Again Crowned Worlds Most Innovative Company, Retrieved, October 15, 2013 from http//timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/enterprise-it/strategy/Apple-once-again-crowned-worlds-most-innovative-company/html Johnson, G. (2012). Apple on the Forbes Most Innovative Companies, Retrieved, October 15, 2013 from http//www.forbes.com/companies/apple/.. Thomas, M. (2010). Managing brand performance aligning positioning, execution and experience. Journal of Brand Management, 16, 65-68

Couture Fashion’s Chinese Connection

Executive summary In this case, there are two study problems that I crowd out analyzed. Firstly, Kaki and Houdini which are two of major loyal customers of Couture Fashions Bad (HCI)s were writing to Jeffrey to inform him that they whitethorn looking to China to contract manufacture for them as the prices there were very competitive. Second, the previous adverse recognition of Made in China tags had slowly changed as China now manufactured clothes that are higher quality at substantially set down operating costs.There were several(prenominal) recommendation that are going to implemented which are raptors to expand to China, proposal to close down Hess factories in Malaysia and Thailand or manufacturing its own label for Malaysian and Sean market. Statement of Problems HCI may lose their big major loyal customers which is Kaki and Houdini as they may looking to China to contract manufacture for them as the prices there is cheaper. obscure from that, nowadays China was produce high quality product with cheaper price so then makes the perception of people about the make in China goods changed to a good view.This is because of the labor cost in China is cheaper quite an Han Malaysia. HCI now is very confusing to make decision unless based on the problems they have to make accurate decision. According to these problems they have to deeply make consideration of their short term and long terms decision. As far as I am concerned, the short term problem is HCI may lose their big major loyal customers which is Kaki and Houdini. For long term, they may face a very big loss and no wonder if their company will go for bankruptcy as Kaki and Houdini may pass the benchmark for other customers that are rely on Hess company.Other customers may assume that HCI does non maintain its reputation and that is why Kaki and Houdini are quit from curb doing contract manufacture with HCI. As it shows a bad benchmark to other customer, it may cause other customers quit from HC I. As a decision, I allot if HCI still operate it existing company but doing Joint venture in China. Causes of problems There is some cause or problems that cause Kaki and Houdini may switch doing contract manufacture from HCI to China which is they can save their financial sources a lot as they will get cheaper supply from China rather than what was offered by HCI.Apart from that, in 1997 Malaysia had face economic downturn and fluctuation or currency exchange. Rather than buying with higher price, Kaki and Houdini may get some more loses in currency exchange. To make an accurate decision, I prefer HCI to use PESTLE theory. PESTLE is divided into six categories which are political, economic, social, technology, ecological, and legal. Based on political and legal, to piddle raw factory in China is not an easy way as HCI have to get he permission from the authorities and also have to fully understand and follow the rules and regulation to incept new factory in China.So it may tak e a very long occlusive to face all the procedures. In term of economic, HCI may get lack of financial resources to build new factory as not confirm can sell both of their existing companies. Even they can sell both it is still not enough to incur all the cost to build new factory in China. Based on social view, HCI may lose their specialist once they move to China as some of them may not want to leave Malaysia which is their country. To find new specialist in China is not easy and may incur a big cost as HCI have to train them well to become professional enough.Their flow rate workers also may lose Job as they will be layoff if HCI close their current company and move to China. In term of ecological, by building new factory it may cause pollution to the environment, so it relates to the brass policy, rules and regulations. HCI may build a factory but in rural area that may cause the shipping cost to send all the goods to its customer become higher. In addition, from technologica l view, I can see hat in China the technology is different from Malaysia, so HCI once again have to incur a big cost to train all the workers with new technology.Decision Criteria and Alternative Solutions Based on the problems and alternative solution, I am totally agree if HCI still lodge its operation in Malaysia but in the same time doing Joint venture with any other steady and well known company in China. This is because by doing Joint venture HCI will not incur a lot of cost rather than doing Greenfield which is building a new factory there. Apart from that, by doing Joint venture OVA) with well-known company, it is easy for HCI to find new prospect of customers from China thus in the same time HCI can gain their customers.If HCI want to build new factory, it may incur a lot of cost and if HCI want to manufacture its own label for Malaysian and Sean market, it is hard to grass new label and incur a lot of cost too as they have to advertise it new label. Recommended Solutio n, Implementation and Justification As a conclusion, I am totally agree if Jeffery Echoing continue it operation in Malaysia UT in the same time doing Joint venture with strong and well known company in China.To ensure that HCI not lose their current big major loyal customers which is Kaki and Houdini, HCI have to as soon as possible doing Joint venture with China. By doing Joint venture, HCI can directly continue operation in China without need to comply with government policy, legal restriction and tax if they are build new factory. They Just continue follow the regulation of its Joint venture partner. Once again I am totally agree if HCI doing Joint venture and still continue its existing operation.

Reseach on Leukemia

LEUKEMIA CANCER OF THE BLOOD INTRODUCTION You nominate to realize that e actually well mortal is a miracle, it takes billions of cells to make up a well-nighbody, and it will only take one cell to be bad to destroy the whole psyche, this quote is from Barbara Bush from one of her bypast interviews virtually a daughter she lost with leukemia (Cunningham, 1988). This quote reminded me five years ago, when my niece was diagnosed with leukemia. She does not only have one bad cell inside her body further she has extra 330,000 counts of discolor origination cells that are not normal.It was summer of year 2008 when my niece who is freshmen in high school was diagnosed with leukemia or tail assemblycer of the demarcation. Leukemia is a female genitaliacer that starts in the tissue that forms slant and affects the attire marrow (Anonymous A, 2012). Leukemia is found in white blood cells or leukocytes which characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells called cop, they do not fully form as they should and thereby engorgeing production of functioning blood cells. Unlike normal blood cells, leukemia cells take overt die when they should. They may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.This makes it hard for normal blood cells to do their school (Anonymous A 2012). Experiencing this type of arousecer in our family makes me realize how a wellnessy body is truly a blessing that everybody should appreciate and learn how to take deal out of. Leukemia may not be the worst malignant neoplastic disease we have right now, but m each spate of all ages suffer from this disease. According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (2012), an estimated 274,930 mess in the United States are living with or are in remission from Leukemia and an estimated 44,600 new cases of leukemia are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2011.It is also said that leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children and adolescents a nd is the tenth most frequently occurring type cancer of all races or ethnicities (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Leukemia is a cancer that has a significant effect on our society, it is a non-sexist or ageist cancer that we should be aware of and be educated more on. BODY I. level OF LEUKEMIA Leukemia was first observed in 1845 by a pathologist named Rudolf Virchow.He observed an abnormal large moment of white blood cells in a blood sample from a patient and called this condition Leukamie in German, which he formed from the two Greek words leukos, meaning white and aima, meaning blood. ex years after this discovery, another pathologist, Franz Ernst Christian Neumann found that a deceased leukemia patients bone marrow was colored dirty green-yellow as opposed normal red colored. This checking helped Neumann to conclude that a bone marrow problem was responsible for the abnormal blood leukemia patients.In 1947 pathologist Sydney Farber believed from past experiments that a dministering, a folic acid mimic, could potentially cure leukemia for children. In 1962, researchers Emil J. Freireich Jr. and Emil Frei III used combination of chemotherapy to attempt to cure leukemia, the test were successful with some patients live long after the tests (Patlak, 1998). II. FOUR TYPES OF LEUKEMIA Leukemia is grouped by how quickly the disease develops (acute or chronic), as well as by the type of blood cells that is impact (lymphocytes or myelocytes) (Anonymous A. 012). Acute leukemia cells increases rapidly and ordinarily worsens quickly than chronic leukemia. There are four main types of leukemia which includes acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL, acute myelocytic leukemia AML, and chronic myelocytic leukemia CML. * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL is the most common type of leukemia (Bazell, 2011). It affects the lymphoid cells and ordinarily grows slowly or gets worst slowly. It is also sometimes referred to as chronic lymphobla st leukemia (Anonymous B, 2012).Most often, people diagnosed with this type of leukemia are over the age of 55, it almost never affects children and more common in men than women. * Chronic myelogenous leukemia CML it is sometimes referred to as chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia. This type of leukemia affects the myeloid cells and usually gets worse slowly. This type of leukemia occurs frequently in adults in their 50s and is rarely seen in children. CML is also classified into three district phases, the chronic phase, accelerated phase and the blast crisis.Knowing the CML phase plays a large part in determining the type of word a patient will receive (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Each phase describes the CMLs progression which determined by the number of blast cells. * Chronic Phase, this phase is made up of patients with fewer than five percent blast in their blood and bone marrow samples (The Survivors Club Staff, 2012). During this phase, the wh ite cells can still fight contagious disease. Patients in this phase have a very mild symptoms or not noticeable. In most cases, long term medicate therapy can bid this phase. Accelerated Phase, in this phase, the patients have more than five percent but less than thirty percent blast in their blood and bone marrow samples. Most patients within the accelerated phase suffer from loss of appetite and cant loss and do not respond as well as to traditional treatments. * Blast Crisis Phase or Acute Blast Phase, in this phase the patients has more than thirty percent blast cells and the cancer has spread from the bone marrow to other organs (The Survivors Club Staff, 2012). Because of elevated blast in the blood, this means lower than normal number of red blood cells and platelets. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL, this is most common type of childhood leukemia, which accounts for around 3 out of 4 cases of leukemia in children. It usually occurs in children ages 2 through and throug h 5 years. This disease also affects adults especially those ages 65 and older. ALL is the most successful treated type of childhood leukemia (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). This type of leukemia usually gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acute lymphocytic leukemia. * Acute Myelogenous Leukemia AML occurs more commonly in men than women and more with adults than children.The incidence of AML increases with age. This is a contour of leukemia that gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acyte myeloid leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia and myeloblastic leukemia (Anonymous, 2012). III. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF LEUKEMIA Like many other cancer, leukemia usually is diagnosed when it is in the accelerated stage because people usually go to the doctor only when they feel sick, and most often than not the symptoms for leukemia manifest when there is already a large amount of blast in the blood.People with chronic leukemia may not even have symptoms until it is in the accelerated phase. Because leukemia is characterized by rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells and by the excessive buildup of congress mature, but still abnormal white blood cells. The crowding of blast in the blood makes the bone marrow unable to dumbfound healthy blood cells which results in lack of red blood cells that carries oxygen, lack of platelets which is important in blood clotting process and lack of healthy white blood cells which are important in fighting infections.When there is lack of platelets in the body this result in easy bruising or bleeding. drop of red blood cells leads to paleness and fatigue due to anemia. With lack of healthy white blood cells the body is susceptible to infections and this could lead to patient experiencing frequent infection ranging from infected tonsils, sores in the mouth or diarrhea to life threatening infections (Morgan, 2010). Other symptoms of chronic and acute leukemia may include fevers or night sweats, weight lo ss for no known reason, pain in the bones or joints, swelling or discomfort in the abdomen from a swollen short temper or liver.Having the symptoms mentioned above does not necessary mean that a person has leukemia. If a person is experiencing more than one of the symptoms it is best to check with their doctor or a health care provider and do some blood test, only then can the doctor tell if a person has leukemia or not. Ignoring warning signs and symptoms can make a treatable condition terminal. The sooner a person checks with their doctor the better chances they have in fighting any disease. III. get OF LEUKEMIAThe exact cause of leukemia is not known and there is no known way to prevent this disease. Many doctors seldom know why one person gets leukemia and the other doesnt (Anonymous A, 2012). However, according to the National crab louse Institute (2011), there are researches which show that certain risk factors increase the chance that a person will get leukemia. Some of th e risk factors are radiation, smoking, benzine, chemotherapy, down syndrome and certain other inherited diseases, certain other blood disorders and family history of leukemia.Exposure to a very high level of radiation will make the person much more likely to get AML, CML and ALL. Exposure to radiation can come from atomic bomb explosions, radiation therapy and diagnostics x-rays. Smoking can also increase the risk of AMC. The average smoker is exposed to about 10 times the mundane intake of benzene compared to nonsmokers (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Benzene is widely used in the chemical industry and it is also found in cigarette smoke and gasoline, exposure to benzene can increase a persons risk of getting AMC.Chemotherapy, down syndrome and other inherited disease, certain blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome and family history of leukemia are all linked with increasing the risk of leukemia. IV. TREATMENT The ability to listen to ones body is an important f irst quantity in finding a problem, so it can be properly diagnosed and treated (Wedro, 2012). The diagnosis of leukemia starts by going to the doctor and having a blood test. If the person is tested positive for leukemia then bone marrow aspiration test might be needed to check for the blood cells that cause leukemia and what type of leukemia it is.People with leukemia have many treatment options these days. According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (2012), chances in surviving this disease is a lot better today than they were 40 years ago. The overall five-year choice rate for leukemia has nearly quadrupled in the past 50 years. From 1960 to 1963, the five-year relative survival rate among whites with leukemia was 14 percent, then it went up to 34. 4 percent from 1975 to 1977 and from 2001 to 2007, the overall relative survival rate was at 56. 6 percent.Treatment of this disease also depends on the type of leukemia, the age of the patient and if leukemia cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment for leukemia can be one or combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy and stem cell transplant. * Chemotherapy is probably the most common type of treatment for cancer. Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy leukemia cells. A patient may receive chemotherapy by mouth, which are pills that can be swallowed, by vein or tube inserted into the vein.Another way to receive the drug is through catheter where a tube is placed in a large vein in the upper chest and drugs will be injected into the catheter rather than directly into veins. The drugs can also be received into the cerebrospinal fluid by injecting drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid * Targeted therapy is another treatment for people with chronic myeloid leukemia and some with acute lymphoblast leukemia. This type of therapy use drugs such as Imatinib (Gleevec) tablets that block the growth of leukemia cells, it blocks the action of an abnormal prote in that stimulates the rowth of leukemia cells (National Cancer Institute, 2011). * Biological therapy for leukemia is a treatment that improves the bodys natural defenses against the disease. This is a substance that can be injected directly into the muscle or can be given by IV infusion. * Radiation Therapy or radiotherapy is another treatment for leukemia it uses high energy rays to kill leukemia cells. Some people receive radiation therapy from a large machine that is aimed at the spleen, the brain, or other parts of the body where leukemia cells have collected.Others may receive radiation that is directly to the whole body. Radiotherapy is a standard treatment for many types of cancer (Anonymous, 2012). * Stem Cell Transplant is the replacement of damaged bone marrow cell with healthy cells. Stem cells that are used for transplants can be interpreted from bone marrow, from the bloodstream, or from umbilical cord blood. This treatment is used to treat the disease that damage or destroy the bone marrow and to restore the bone marrow after it has been destroyed by high doses of radiation and chemotherapy.Stem cells may come from the patient, from identical twin, family member and from other donor. People with acute leukemia need treatment right away and the goal of the treatment is to destroy signs of leukemia in the body and make symptoms go away. Many people with acute leukemia can be cured. (National Cancer Institute, 2011). If a person has chronic leukemia without symptoms, they may not need a cancer treatment right away. When treatment for chronic leukemia is needed, it can often control the disease and its symptoms.Unfortunately, CLL is probably incurable by present treatments as chronic leukemia can seldom be cured with chemotherapy. However, stem cell transplants offer people with chronic leukemia the chance for cure (National Cancer Institute, 2011). With all the technology available to us right now and with all the research and studies being done t o find a new and better ways to treat leukemia, Im hopeful that a cure for all types of leukemia will be discovered soon. shutting Learning you have leukemia or one of your loved ones have this disease can definitely change your live and the lives of those people around you.When we learned about my nieces condition 5 years ago, there was a dramatic change in our family on how we viewed life and the importance of having a healthy body. My niece Shayna has foregone through a lot of test, procedures and treatments because of this disease, it is probably her positive outlook in life and prayer that helped her fight this disease. Although Shayna is still taking Gleevec every day to block the growth of leukemia cells, her doctors already considered her to be in remission.She had normal blood counts for over four years now. In any disease, may it be cancer, diabetes, pneumonia or any life threatening or non-life threatening disease, it is important to listen to your body and do the first step of getting checked by a health care professional. It is also important to take lifes obstacle with a positive outlook and to have faith and hope from your love ones, from your health care provider, from yourself and from God, for all these would help a person deal and survive any disease.