Summary On The Articles About Second Hand Smoking Essays - Smoking

Summary On The Articles About Second Hand Smoking Essays - Smoking Summary On The Articles About Second Hand Smoking Secondhand Smoke, Is It a Hazard? In the 1950's and 60's scientists gave the people a lot of evidence on the deadly effects of smoking where the tobacco companies on the other hand tried to put the doubt in peoples minds through the campaigns to show that it is not all true. By the time people actually decided to take care of their health and finally saw how life-threatening smoking could be by real life examples, the tobacco companies already got rich from its sales. Nowadays, nobody doubts that firsthand smoke is deadly to your health and it causes lung cancer and heart disease in adults and asthma and bronchitis in children. Now the industry is onto the secondhand smoke. Scientists and researchers are representing a lot of evidence and research that has been done throughout the years showing that the secondhand smoke can also cause a lung cancer in nonsmokers. The study has been done of people who have been long exposed to secondhand smoke and it shows that 26 out of 33 published studies indicate a link between secondhand smoke and lung cancer. The study estimates that the people that were breathing secondhand smoke were 8 to 150 percent more likely to get lung cancer. The tobacco companies are trying to argue the facts and are still in serious debate about the health hazards of breathing a secondhand smoke. A lot of anti-smoking organizations are trying to turn smoking in public into a private activity that does not have to involve nonsmokers breathing secondhand smoke. What is even more important is that many of these organizations convinced a lot of smokers to cut back or quit completely. The problem of secondhand smoke is increasing because it is so common in our society. It makes secondhand smoke the third-ranking cause of lung cancer among nonsmokers. Mothers who live with a smoking spouse have to realize the ill effects of secondhand smoke on children even before they are born. The smoking components reach the developing fetus through the mother. Infants that are born in a smoking environment weigh less and have a weaker chance of becoming a fully developed child. Secondhand smoke leads to blood clots and damages arterial linings which are the two most leading factors in the development of heart disease. The tobacco companies got scared of the effect that the secondhand smoke research can do to the cigarette makers. The tobacco companies started their own secret studies on how to fight the growing success of antismoking activists. They are trying to show the people that there is no definite evidence to prove that the secondhand smoke can cause lung cancer or any other diseases that the scientists accuse it of. The tobacco industry is trying to influence the science by commissioning a research from sympathetic scientists and sponsoring scientific meetings where they try to carefully bring out their point of view and publish the results in the medical literature. Only 4 percent of the articles that were published from the meetings that were sponsored by the tobacco industry said that the secondhand smoke was unhealthy. The debate on secondhand smoke has reached the boiling point. When different scientists are using different study designs and different researches and still come up with the same result, it is time to start paying more serious attention to secondhand smoke. When the human evidence is combined with the laboratory experiments showing that the secondhand smoke can cause cancer it is impossible to ignore it any longer. The nonsmokers should have the right to breathe smoke-free air. It is important to have restrictions on where people are allowed to smoke and in particular to keep the work place as a smoke-free environment. The declining rates of smoking show that people can actually quit. Everybody should make an effort to quit for the sake of the people they love.

Hunger Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hunger - Assignment Example However, despite these efforts there is still proving not be enough food to feed everyone who is in need. The article, â€Å"How to Feed Nine Billion,† by Evan Fraser and Andrew Rimas, discusses how the horrible drought in Africa in 1992 had the potential to be incredibly devastating. However, although the drought was not good, the farmers in the effected regions were able to survive the drought because these farmers had already procured genetically modified seeds that were designed to survive these sorts of dry conditions and continue to thrive This is why, the African drought of 1992 is referred to as the â€Å"drought that never was† (Fraser & Rimas , 2012) However, just because these farmers were able to withstand this drought does not resolve the issues of hunger in Africa or worldwide. The authors are adamant that between the 2050 and 2080 we will be essentially in need of more food than we will be able to produce to meet the growth in population that will exist a t that point. Finding means to develop an implementable plan, a sustainable solution, and an agreeable means to making it happen is no easy feat. Discussion The authors make strong points highlighting the details of hunger in the world and discussing the contributing factors and potential means of improving the situation. The idea of just sending other countries what they need to survive is admirable but essentially just a Band-Aid on a much more serious wound. Besides it has been established that the United States is not yielding the large crops they once did. We, ourselves, may, in the not too distant future, be unable to provide for ourselves. The authors, also, in this case, make quite a point to support the use of genetically altered seeds; if not for them the African drought may not have fared so well for the people. Issues However, GMO crops and food products are a very sensitive subject, here in the United States, as well as all over the world. Although GM seeds are modified only enough to allow them to grow in unlikely environments and to defend themselves from pesticides and insects that can compromise the crops yield, it does not automatically make the growing or consuming of these food items or the foods produced from them dangerous or unhealthy The fact that 80% of the foods are or contain elements of genetic modification, is frightening to many people and has caused a great deal of distrust towards the whole concept of genetically modified foods. In Haiti a gift of modified seeds was sent to aid the hunger issues in the country, several Haitians set fire to the building where the seeds were kept, because they did not want the modified seeds (Catsoulis, 2013). However the ethical, moral, social, and, potentially, legal issues associated with GMO foods, production and labeling, is an issue that will not be easily settled. The question that this article does raise that deserves to be addressed is how can a developed country, like the United States a nd underdeveloped countries both be suffering from hunger, when one has so much and the other so little. According to experts, it is a misconception that hunger stems from lands with little to offer. In truth, it is countries with surpluses of food that seem to reveal issues with hunger. According to the United Food and Agriculture Organisation, FAO, it is the countries, like the United States, that produce one and half times the amount of food needed to provide for everyone, yet 1 in 7 continue to go hungry (Green Peace, 2013) Why does this happen? Money is the answer. When food is plentiful, one still needs money to purchase the foods; the poor automatically go without. For now the issue involving hunger in the U.S. is related to money but, as stated earlier, that may

Explanation and Evaluation of Libertarianism Essay

Explanation and Evaluation of Libertarianism - Essay Example For better understanding of libertarianism in general, let us look at some universal tenets of libertarianism. One of the main universal tenets of libertarianism is the belief in natural human rights.   Libertarianism, teaches that human beings have inalienable rights that should be respected by other people and even by the government (Internet Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, web). These rights are the rights to life, property, and liberty. These three rights are negative rights in that they all entail freedom from non-interference from the government and from other people. Libertarianism teaches that individuals are ontologically prior to the state or to any other social grouping and for that reason, individuals are more important than the social organizations or the state. Libertarianism, therefore, advocates for respect of individualism. The second universal libertarianism principle is the belief in spontaneous order. Libertarians believe that social organizations and institutions that guarantee peace and order in the society develop spontaneously, through voluntary associations of members of the society, without any initiation or imposition by central authority. Libertarians view order and peace in the society as a condition sine qua non for flourishing of human beings in the society. The libertarians, however, are opposed to social organizations that are imposed upon the people by the central authority; the formations of such organizations are an infringement upon the natural rights of individual.

Problems facing the Triumph underwear company

Problems facing the Triumph underwear company Triumph is an international manufacturer of underwear. It was launched in Germany since 1886 and now it has expanded its business in 120 countries around the world include Malaysia. Triumph has introduced seven series of underwear which are maximize, modern shapes, t-shirt bra, Eco chic, premium collection, miss Triumph and Triaction. Today, women purchase bra not only because they need it, but is to explore their sensuality. It is all about color, fashion and image. The foundation of an outfit and makes a big difference in how a women looks. In order to increase the sales of Triumph and compete against competitor, a better understanding of consumers needs and wants and their satisfaction level about Triumph bra. Problem definition is defining and developing a decision statement and the steps that involved in translating it into more precise research terminology which include a set of research objectives. Triumph mission is to become the market leader in the industry which stated as We Are In To Win. In order to achieve high profitability, Triumph engaged in better understanding of consumers needs and wishes. Besides Triumph, there was many more variety type of brands which serve the same customers such as La Senza, XiXili, Wacoal, etc. So, the problem concerned by Triumph is What the management can do in order to increase the market share? They constantly carry out some research and introduce new design of bra which aims to exceed consumer expectations with variety design, more desirable, higher quality, and best fit products. Price range of Triumph bra can be the crucial factor that will influence consumer buying behavior. In this research project, we stated out the problem which should be concerned by Triumph should the price of the bra be changed? As we know, some of the users are more concerned on the quality level of Triumph instead of price. Thus, we conduct this project to find out the main concern of Triumphs user. The features of Triumph bra provided will directly link to customer satisfaction level. It can transform a customer either to become a loyalty customer or dissatisfied customers. Therefore, it is important to let Triumph understanding What is the satisfaction of consumers about the Triumph bra? Objective and Hypothesis The questionnaire we designed was mainly concern about the identification of satisfaction level of consumers toward Triumph bra and understanding the significant of price, quality, and other features of Triumph. The research objective is the main goal to be achieved by conducting research projects, the main objectives: In order to understand the various needs of consumers. To determine the satisfaction of consumers about Triumph bra. To determine the reason of consumers purchase the Triumph bra. To study the improvement of 4Ps needed to make to increase market share. To determine the potential improvement for Triumph bra. The questionnaire consists of ten questions which correspond with the objectives and hypotheses set to obtain the results expected. Hypothesis is the formal assumption statements which explain desirable outcome. The hypotheses of this research project are: The awareness of Triumph is high among the respondents. The comfortable of Triumph bra is the main concern for respondents. The customers are satisfied with the quality of Triumph bras. The customers are satisfied with the features and design of Triumph bras. The customers are not satisfied with the price of Triumph bras. Research Design In our research project, we choose to use exploratory and descriptive research methods to obtain the information needed to structure and respond to the problem definition. It will be conducted among students, office ladies and housewives where their age range start from below 20 years old, 21 to 30 years old and 31 to 40 years old. 1. Exploratory Research We decided to use exploratory research as our beginning stages to conduct our research project. The reason to conduct this research is because we do not have the prior knowledge about the problem situation of Triumph. It can help us to explore the nature of problem of Triumph and gain insight of solving the problem. Through the exploratory research, we can formulate and define the problem more precisely. Thus, it also helps us to gain the information about the purchase and consumption behavior of Triumph users. 2. Descriptive Research We use descriptive research to gain insight of the target market characteristic. First, we would want to know the respondent background such as their age and occupation. Second, we want to identify the consumers buying behavior and their consumption pattern toward Triumph bra. Third, we would want to figure out the awareness of Triumph bra. Thus, we had distributed the survey questionnaire to 100 respondents from various urban areas which include Wangsa Maju, Genting Klang and Sri Rampai. Survey Questionnaire Our questionnaire consists of 10 questions. For question 1 and 2, we will use ratio scale to classify the respondents frequency and money spends on purchasing a bra. From question 3 to 6, we will use the interval scale to identify the possible competitors brands, awareness of Triumph bra, the sources of respondents get to know about Triumph and the location of selling Triumph. Whereas, from question 7 to 9, we will use ordinal scale to indicate the relative extent of satisfaction, preferences and the concern factors of Triumph users. Lastly, question 10, we use nominal scale to determine the possibility of improvement needed to carry out by Triumph. (Refer to appendix) Sampling A sampling frame is a representative of the element of the target population. Our research project was only targeted at women where it included students, office ladies and housewives. Sampling frame Screening questionnaire will be given to 100 samples of bra users. The survey will be conducted in the area of Wangsa Maju, Genting Klang and Sri Rampai. Before this, a pilot study will be conducted to pretest the questionnaire on 20 respondents. Cost The estimated cost will incurred on this research project are as follow: Printing RM40 Paper RM10 Transportation RM10 Timing This research project will be adhered as the following schedule: Submission of research proposal Week 3 (11 to 16 October) Approval of proposal Week 4 (18 to 22 October) Preliminary design of questionnaire Week 5 (25 to 29 October) Pre-test of Questionnaire Week 6 (1 to 5 November) Field survey, tabulation, analysis of data and report preparation Week 7 to 9 (8 to 26 November) Submission of Marketing Research Report Week 10 (29 to 3 December) Marketing Research Presentation Week 11 and 12 (6 to 17 December) Data Analysis 1) Frequency of purchase The data analysis did not support that frequency of purchasing bra per year is low. Based on the survey, 44% of respondents purchase bras less than six months, 40% purchase less than one year, 9% purchase one year and above and only 7% purchase less than three months. Therefore, most of the respondents purchase bra less than six months. Significant at p

The American Dream in Hester Street and Eat a Bowel of Tea Essays

Many years ago, people have immigrated to a new world where they can hope for a more beautiful existence, for the wealth, for the freedoms, for the better opportunities and most importantly, for the American Dreams. As each new era of foreigners migrate to America, they face the obstacle of conforming to mainstream America. As â€Å"Hester Street† and â€Å"Eat a Bowl of Tea† portrayed, immigrants come to this land of opportunities with the hopes and dreams of a better life for themselves or their families. In â€Å"Hester Street†, Jake, a Russian Jewish immigrant who lived in New York's Lower East Side for five years, leaving his wife behind, and taking up with a new woman and earning enough money to support his dance hall ways. On the other hand, in â€Å"Eat a bowel of tea†, Wah Gay is a traditional Chinese immigrant who owns a club in Chinatown, and sends all his money to his wife back in China, who he has not seen in 20 years because of the inequitable immigration laws that had prevented Chinamen bringing their women into the country. These immigrants fall within a lower social class, as a result they strive to conform to a more facilitating and suitable lifestyle. As they begin to build a new life in America, they face the process of assimilation. America holds an idea of a mainstream society; consequently those individuals not fitting this image are left with feelings of abandonment and insecurity. As a result, they feel pressured in achieving the American dream. Let’s look at the examples the movies give us. In â€Å"Hester Street†, Jake, a self-made Yankee, has abandoned the traditions of his culture by cutting off his beard and earlocks, and he has adopted the mannerisms of his new country, including a new girlfriend who runs a dance hall. When his wife Gitl and son Yossele join him from the Old World, Jake was embarrassed. He looks down his wife because she retains her religious ways, wearing the wigs and scarves. He even insists on calling their son Joey and trying to modernize them both. Jake is a typical immigrant who wants to be assimilated as soon as possible, once they gain acceptance and recognition, they begin to look down upon the new immigrants coming into the country, sometimes even family members. Its ironic how quickly one forgets the past and repeats history in terms of the mistreatment and hostile hospitality a new immigrant once received. In â€Å"Eat a... ...against foreigners, but the problems of the dislocated immigrants struggling to preserve their culture while adapting to a new one still exist. New immigrants who desire to conform still have to deal with the way they talk, dress, and behave. Most immigrants have attempted to learn the English language, with their accents barely noticeable at times. In addition, they are willing to take any job available to support the family, and they work in many different jobs that are as physically demanding as they are diverse. The American Dream, is about becoming something, to the best way to achieve fulfillment of ones life. The dream is and always has been a reality. The more that Americans and immigrants insist on the dream as a right, and pursue it with determination, the more likely it will be to remain a live option accessible to all. The dream does not originate from America; it derives from us, the people. If we exert all our efforts, we at any moment in American history are more likely to be what the country had intended to become. With that predicament already visible, every advance we make may very well lead to another, and every realization of the American Dream will evolve.

Media in Today’s Life

In the last 400 years of human history, two significant events have changed the course of development- the Industrial Revolution beginning in the 18th  century and the recent Information Revolution which marks the universalization of information hitherto unseen on such a large scale based on the principle of â€Å"create once, publish many. † Media today encompasses  print  media- newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, etc. ;  electronic  media-radio, television, telephony and the internet; and  entertainment  media- films and music.Media has enabled decision making to be participative in nature, has made the idea of a â€Å"global village† a reality, has brought about the true realization of the freedom of speech and has helped in spreading education, health and equality. The enactment of Right to Information Act in 2005 has led to the citizen being at the centre of administration, and the media has played a key role in realising this dream. But to gether with the aforementioned beneficial effects of the spread of media, there have been some unwanted consequences as well.Some of these are- magnification of disputes, sensationalization of news (called â€Å"Yellow journalism†), propaganda, cultural clashes, desensitization to violence, division of society into information haves and have-nots, lack of information authenticity and plagiarism leading to social loafing. However, the advantages of the spread of media far outweigh the disadvantages. The role played by media in developing countries such as India, is key to realise the dream of  inclusive  development.Awareness regarding immunization programmes, institutional deliveries, balanced diet, healthy lifestyle and family planning are spread through media to remote parts of the country. Today All India Radio covers approximately 98% of the population of India. Farmers in distant villages are able to find the true prices of their produce through radio and telephone s ervices. Even the spread of education through Distance Learning has made the dream of 100% literacy a reality in the years to come. Media has been at the forefront of spreading awareness on social issues.The â€Å"Latitude of Acceptance† has thus widened. Issues such as global warming, pollution, spread of diseases, LGBT Rights, child labour, domestic violence, corruption, discrimination and farmer suicides have been taken up by the media very effectively. This has also been cited as one of the primary reasons for making governance of the country more transparent, responsive and responsible. Media has enabled an ordinary citizen of the country to play a central role in strengthening the civil society.Through articles in journals, responses in newspapers, blogs on the web and audio-visuals on the internet, each and every citizen can realistically aspire to influence other sections of society. The Founding Fathers of our Nation laid down the path towards a sovereign, secular an d democratic society where justice, liberty and equality would be secured to all the citizens and fraternity would be promoted among all. It would not be an exaggeration to state that media today, and in the coming future, holds immense promise to assist us in attaining these ideals and goals.

The Ethical Dilemma Of Brad - 1804 Words

Dilemma #1: Name: Dat Le Student ID #: †¢ What is the ethical dilemma and, specifically, what are the two â€Å"goods† in conflict? Brad is a production engineer at a bicycle company and part of his job includes inspecting broken bikes and drafting the design repairs for their repair. Brad is considering replacing a broken brake cable with a more durable material, even though the customer did not request it in their order, and specifically requested that no aesthetic changes be made to the bike. Brad’s manager suggests that his considered actions would against the company’s policy of â€Å"The customer is always right.† Should Brad disobey the manager and the customer to possibly lose his job or go along with what they want? †¢ What is the full†¦show more content†¦Brad would be in the wrong in terms of utilitarian ethics. Virtue ethics are focused on a person showing values such as dependability and honesty. Brad would be dependable by ensuring the customer’s safety and honest by correcting what had to be done instead of ignoring what was right. However, he would not be showing loyalty by going against the customer’s wishes, but that could be corrected if Brad informs the customer. Virtue ethics are concerned about the inner person and an individual’s intent; it was Brad’s intent to protect the customer from potential injuries. Brad was more in the right in terms of virtue ethics. In terms of the professional codes, the National Society of Professional Engineers, Brad would demonstrate the codes â€Å"Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public† and â€Å"perform services only in areas of their competence† if he performs the changes. For the code, â€Å"Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public,† Brad will have done what he had to do to protect the customer’s safety even if it meant going against the customer’s request and his manager. For the code, â€Å"Perform services only in areas of their competence,† Brad is sure that the broken brake cable is not the proper material and needs to substitute for a proper or better material. If Brad did not have knowledge of the proper material, then it would be unethical for him to change theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Decision Making Process943 Words   |  4 Pageswe grow up our ethics and morals improve tremendously. We face ethical decisio ns almost every day in our lives. Having strong ethics will help us decide what is right and wrong, especially when we face serious dilemmas just like in the case, It’s All in the Family. Applying the ethical decision-making process to this scenario will help me decide what approach I should take if I was in this situation. 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